Curation, human computers, and Web 3.0

(Reposting from my open education blog)

As 2011 slowly drifts away, I'd like to come back to a topic that has been on my mind a lot this year, and speculate on some trends for the upcoming decade. That topic is curation.

As we have all noticed, information available on the internet is limitless, and the frontier of that universe is expanding exponentially at every instant. People struggle with dealing with all that information. News organizations used to filter the content we were exposed to, now we get bombarded from all directions.

Technology got us here, but technology will not be able to bring back sanity, at least not on its own.

Enter the age of Web 3.0

I stumble upon this blog post titled Forecast 2020: Web 3.0+ and Collective Intelligence by Glenn Remoreras.

In 10 years, humans and computers will join forces to create “collective intelligence”. Technology will evolve as such that the Internet (and information within it) will be accessible and available to everyone— this will exponentially increase the already massive data we exchange today. How we (and machines) will make sense of as well as analyze and synthesize this collective information, is what will bring us to Web 3.0 and beyond.

The Economist made a similar point in its December 3rd, 2011 edition. In an article titled Return of the human computer, they link the principles behind the 1930s creation of mathematical tables used by scientists to today's crowdsourcing startups.

The new generation of human computers carry out different tasks, but they mirror their predecessors in many other ways. They are being drafted in to perform tasks that computers cannot. They are employed in large numbers and are organised into streamlined workflows. And, as was the case in the age before electronic computers, their output is combined to generate results that could not easily be produced in any other way.

[...]

Eric Horvitz, a researcher at Microsoft’s research labs in Redmond, Washington, has considered how such software could be put to use. He imagines a future in which algorithms co-ordinate an army of human workers, physical sensors and conventional computers. In the event of a child going missing, for example, an algorithm might assign some volunteers to search duties and ask others to examine CCTV footage for sightings. The system would also trawl local news reports for similar cases. These elements would be combined to create a cyborg detective.

There are operations that machines do best, and others that computers do best. In the March 2010 edition of Wired, Clive Thompson describes the cyborg advantage. "Back in 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue supercomputer struck a blow for bots when it beat Garry Kasparov at chess".

Learning from this experience, Kaparov created advanced chess, a competition where participants would use computer software to assist them in their decision process.

At a “freestyle” online tournament in 2005, where any kind of entrant was allowed, such human-machine pairings were absolutely awesome. In fact, the overall winner wasn’t one of the grandmasters or supercomputers; it was a pair of twentysomething amateurs using run-of-the-mill PCs and inexpensive apps.

What gave them the upper hand? They were especially skilled at leveraging the computer’s assistance. They knew better how to enter moves, when to consult the software, and when to ignore its advice.

What this means for education

In answering what curation is, social media and education expert Howard Rheingold states:

Curation, like making a website, is an act of self-interest that enriches the commons and benefits everybody. I need to search, scan, and select the best resources I can find for my own personal interests, and by making my choices available to others, I create a resource for many besides myself. Curation is also a signal to others who share my interests, people I probably would not have known or known about otherwise, who, in turn, suggest resources to me. I feed the networks of people who do me the honor of valuing my choices, and they feed me back. It’s about knowing, learning, sharing, and teaching, all in one.

As educators and students alike become curators themselves, and start connecting to other people's streams, they become a part of the human-machine system that creates the collective intelligence Remoreras described. Whether this process is enabled or crippled by our education system is up to all of you, fellow educators.

See you all, connected, in the future!

Radio silence... Not quite!

For the three people following this blog, there are good reasons why I haven't been posting here... I've been busy somewhere else!

The Sakai@UD team at the University of Delaware now writes on this blog:

http://sites.udel.edu/sakai/

And I write about open education and social media on this blog:

http://sites.udel.edu/open/

So you're all more than welcome to join the conversation on my most recent Wordpress initiatives ;-)

Mathieu

[Reposting] Using an Open Textbook For An MIS Class: Q&A With Andrea Everard

[This post was originally written for my open education blog, but I thought it would be appropriate to also post it here on my personal blog. This is definitely one of my new pet peeves ;-)]

For her MISY427 class (Information Technology Applications in Management), Andrea Everard, Associate Professor in the Department of Accounting and MIS, has started using an open textbook published by Flat World Knowledge. This blog post will cover some of the benefits and challenges that she perceives regarding the use of open materials.

Q. In your own words, what is Flat World Knowledge? What is their business model?

Flat World Knowledge (FWK) is an open textbook publisher. Essentially, high quality content (and often more relevant and up-to-date information) is available to students for free (online access) or much reduced cost than traditional textbooks.

As with any business model, you need a strategy, capabilities/resources, and value. Well, the strategy is that they want to provide high quality content at a low (or no) cost to students. Additionally, they want students to be able to access the information from anywhere (online) although they provide the ability to have a print copy (full or partial) of the textbook, a download for an e-reader (Kindle or Nook, for example), and an audio version. In terms of capabilities, the textbooks are written by well-known authors and experts in the field. And they have the technology to support the delivery mode. And most importantly, they are adding value in providing free/low cost, high quality content to students (see list of other books and associated costs in the table below, click to access spreadsheet). They are providing value in terms of offering a “green” alternative to textbooks - no paper, no ink.



* Gallaugher’s full color text printed version is the most expensive a student can voluntarily buy from FWK.

They are also providing value by making sure that the textbooks provide up-to-date and relevant content. I teach courses in information technology/systems - and staying current and providing relevant material is always a challenge. To give you an example, two topics that are currently “hot” are cloud computing and incorporating the use of social media in a firm’s strategy. While the open textbook covers these two issues in quite a bit of details and provides current and relevant cases, the traditional paper textbook only covers these topics summarily. While covering these topics I actually use YouTube videos and recent WSJ articles. It really brings the topic to life for the students.

Q. How did you find out about this open textbook? What made you adopt it?

From a discussion with a colleague. We first spoke about FWK books over a year ago. I finally seriously looked into it over Winter Break and decided that the content was of excellent quality and the price was great and that an open textbook would be so convenient for my students. For the Spring 2011 term, I used the FWK textbook in conjunction with the textbook that I have been using for several years.

Q. Why do you currently use a regular textbook in addition to an open textbook?

Well, switching over to an open textbook struck me as somewhat daunting at first. So I decided to use both a traditional textbook and the open textbook. It was in essence a safety blanket - I was comfortable with the traditional textbook, I wasn’t sure how my students would respond to an open textbook and didn’t want to leap into the open textbook arena without first taking a few ‘baby steps’. One term of baby steps and I am now ready to plunge right in!

For Fall 2011 I will solely adopt the open textbook. And just today I found out that FWK provides a version of the textbook for my Nook (Barnes & Noble’s version of a Kindle) - I am quite excited about this!

Q. Did you make changes to the canonical textbook to fit your needs?

For Spring 2011, I used the open textbook as complementary to the traditional textbook. I did not assign the whole textbook but only certain sections of it - and I did not change/customize any of it.

For Fall 2011, I will customize the open textbook. Once this term is over, I will go through the book and choose what I want to keep, what I want to move, what I want to tweak. It will be a textbook that will fit exactly the course that I teach! I very much like that!

Q. How do your student and colleagues react when you tell them you’re using an open textbook? What is their perception?

When I first introduced my students to an open textbook, they were surprised but liked the idea that it was free if they read online. I have been soliciting feedback from my students all term. What they have to say is very positive. Students are digital natives, they adapt very quickly to new technologies, they are willing to try new things. I don’t think the students will have much resistance to using open textbooks.

When I speak to my colleagues about open textbooks, their initial reaction is skeptical. Open textbooks are a change and change doesn’t happen easily. I think it will be a while before a lot of faculty even consider open textbooks. Some, of course, will be early adopters and curious and look into the idea; some will never get there. A lot of the resistance has to do with perceptions: often, if something is free, then it is assumed that the quality is low. You are going to need a few faculty to really support and champion the issue – that way, you’ll start to get acceptance.

I did speak with an Accounting faculty the other day– it was amazing to see a complete change in attitude after I spent ten minutes showing how an open textbook could work for an Intro to Accounting class. I showed her who the authors were (both were from very highly regarded institutions), how easy it was to access the book, how to read it free online, the different access methods available (printing a chapter, printing the whole book, reading it online, etc.) and so forth. By the time she left my office, she had written down the url and said she would look into it. So, I can conclude that a lot of the apprehension is mainly from just ‘not knowing’. Again, this is something so new, so unlike anything else – it’s going to take time.

Q. Could you share data on the version of the open textbook your students used or purchased?

Definitely. Before the end of the term I would like to have drafted a survey and distributed it to my students. I am interested in their feedback, their perceptions, their experiences with the open textbook I used. I would also like to get a survey out to faculty members – I think it is easier to address concerns, fears, and issues if we truly understand what they are.

Q. Would you consider writing a textbook for a publisher like Flat World Knowledge, in comparison with traditional textbook publishers?

I would consider it – although, given that one of my main goals right now is to get promoted to Full Professor, I need to focus on research that is published in academic journals rather than write a textbook. If the question is would I consider an open textbook rather than a traditional textbook, I would much prefer an open textbook. I believe that is where we are headed in the future.

Q. In conclusion, do you have any advice to give to fellow faculty members considering the adoption of open textbooks?

Don’t be afraid to look into them. Get your hands ‘dirty’ and see what’s available in your area. You might be very pleasantly surprised! There are some great resources out there and I truly believe that the future is going to be open textbooks. And in terms of providing students with a truly convenient, accessible and affordable solution – you really can’t get any better!

Of course, if I can be of any help to anyone, I would be glad to share my experiences.

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Andrea Everard is an Associate Professor of Management Information Systems at the Lerner College of Business and Economics at the University of Delaware. She received her Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of Pittsburgh. Her research interests include human–computer interaction, cross-cultural issues in information systems and information systems and strategy. Journals in which her work appears include Journal of Management Information Systems, Communications of the ACM, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, and Information Systems Journal. She can be reached at aeverard@udel.edu .